SAGA VENEZUELEAN BOLIVAR FUERTE Essays

SAGA VENEZUELEAN BOLIVAR FUERTE Essays SAGA VENEZUELEAN BOLIVAR FUERTE Essay SAGA VENEZUELEAN BOLIVAR FUERTE Essay The saga of the Venezuelea Bolivar Fuerte QI : Why must a countrys currency must be devaluated? What is failing in the economy? First, the reason would be for stimulating the exports of goods=> more money in the country push the production, economy in general and employment rate and set premises for economic growth. Somewhere between 92 and 94% of export income in Venezuela comes from oil, and the money obtained heavily contribute to the local manufacturing development, and agriculture. By not pushing into this direction the predictable result will be that everything continues to be imported with US dollars => increase in prices => inflation ecurring devaluations. A steep devaluation of a country currency, would be a signal for foreigners to stop investing in the country due to speculations and uncertainty=> push interest rates for loans => increase unemployment and that leads to recession= > devaluation of the currency is not, by far, the best way to improve the economy. Q2: What benefit did the Venezuelean regime in power gain from the repeated devaluation of the bolivar? Venezuelan government devalued its bolivar currency several times between 2005 2010 but in 2011 also cut the preferential rates for food,medicine, and heavy achinery that enjoyed a preferential FX rate: 1BsF = 2. 60/$. The intentaion might be the stimulation of the local production instead of relaying heavily on imports. Although let out of controll the the devaluaton leads straight to years of recession. Venezuelean regime might also devaluing the BsF to avoid to take the inflationary hit (2011) although unfair for the population that was constrainted to accept a brutal increase in all prices, especially the ones for the ordinary food and medicine. The weeks before the devaluation, all the market was in shortages of everything and rices in a matter of a week have gone up six times. Tomatoes, were 5 BsF/ kilo at the local outdoor markets (known as the cheap place to buy fresh food ) and a week later theyd gone up 30 BsF/ kilo (from roughly $1. 5 to $7). l think the business community knew this was coming. Also people speculates that the stores and supermarkets owners held back the merchandise when rumors about devaluation burst and after prices increased they there is no shortage of anything next week if you can afford to pay the prices. Q3: By the time you read this you will know whether the analysts predicting the uture of the bolivar were correct. How did they do? Venezuela devalued its currency for the fifth time in 9 years, between 2003-2012 as President Hugo Chavez seeked to narrow a widening fiscal gap and reduce a shortage of dollars in the economy. The new exchange rate falls by 32% to 6. 3 Bolivar per dollar starting February 2013. The devaluation helped to reduce the budget deficit by increasing the amount of Bolivar the government receives from exports, especially oil. Venezuelas fiscal gap widened to 11% of GDP in 2012 from 4% in 2011, according to Moodys. Annual inflation accelerated to 22. in January, the fastest pace in eight months, led by a Jump in food prices. Prices decreased by 3. 3% in January after rising 3. 5% in December 2012. In the black market, the Bolivar weakened 6% to 19. 53 BsF per $, according to Lechuga Verde, a website that tracks the rates. The devaluation of the Bolivar created frustration and anger not only among the population and the politicians against Chavez, so called Opposition but even financial analys ts and newspapers pro Chavez agreed that devaluation of the Bolivar is a betrayal of the Bolivarian Revolution . Some opines that the betrayal consists in the government not having consulted with the people on the matter beforehand, especially after the people came out to support Chavez and the Bolivarian Process in October 2012 elections. Chavez was not elected President in 2013 but Nicolas Maduro former Minister of Foregin Affairs and Vice President won the elections. (Apr 2013) However population is not over yet the outrage of the devaluation and vote of punishment for the new president is not out of the question, said the analysts. Source: Internet, website articles Lechuga Verde [News

9 Words with More Than One Spelling in British English

9 Words with More Than One Spelling in British English 9 Words with More Than One Spelling in British English The United States was founded to escape the tyranny of the King of England. It is appropriate, then, that American English has also escaped the tyranny of British English. In particular, we should be grateful that most words only have one spelling in American English. In British English, by comparison, many words have more than one spelling depending on how they’re used. And this makes it easy to make mistakes! So to make sure your writing is always error free, check out this list of nine words with more than one spelling in British English. 1. Practice vs. Practise In American English, â€Å"practice† is both a noun and a verb. For example: Noun (US): The doctor is at her practice. Verb (US): The doctor is practicing medicine. But this term has more than one spelling in British English, where the verb form is â€Å"practise†: Noun (UK):  The doctor is at her practice. Adjective (UK): The doctor is practising medicine. So if you’re writing for a British audience, make sure to use an â€Å"s† in this word when it’s a verb and a second â€Å"c† only when it is a noun. 2. Curb vs. Kerb The word â€Å"curb† has two meanings in American English. One is â€Å"restrain something.†Ã‚   This sense of â€Å"curb† is the same in British English: American English: We need to curb food waste. British English: We need to curb food waste. But we also use â€Å"curb† to refer to the raised edge of a sidewalk. And in British English, this word is spelled â€Å"kerb† instead. So make sure to use â€Å"kerb† with a â€Å"k† if you are writing for Brits: American English: I tripped on the curb while crossing the road. British English: I tripped on the kerb while crossing the road. 3. Dependent vs. Dependant In American English, â€Å"dependent† is both a noun and an adjective. The noun form of this word means â€Å"a person that depends on someone else† (e.g., children). As an adjective, â€Å"dependent† has a more general meaning of â€Å"reliant on† and applies to more than just people. For example: Noun (US): He is a single man with no dependents. Adjective (US): Their performance is dependent on their star player. But in British English, the noun form of this word is spelled â€Å"dependant†: Noun (UK): He is a single man with no dependants. Adjective (UK): Their performance is dependent on their star player. 4. License vs. Licence â€Å"License† is both a noun (i.e., a permit) and a verb (i.e., the act of licensing something) in American English. As such, we always know to spell this word with an â€Å"s† regardless of the context: Noun (US): Do you have a valid driver’s license? Verb (US): We are licensed to operate in this state. However, as with â€Å"practice† and â€Å"practise,† British English uses a different spelling in each case: Noun (UK): Do you have a valid driver’s licence? Verb (UK): We are licensed to operate in this state. It is worth noting here that the Brits use a â€Å"c† spelling for the noun with both â€Å"practice† and â€Å"licence.† And likewise, the verb forms are both spelled with an â€Å"s† in British English. This makes it easier to remember the correct spellings of these words when writing for a British audience. 5. Draft vs. Draught In British English, the words â€Å"draught† and â€Å"draft† sound exactly the same. However, each term has its own uses. The word â€Å"draught† for example, can mean any of the following: A current of cool air (e.g., Can you feel a draught in here?) An animal that pulls a heavy load (e.g., Horses are draught animals) Beer or cider served from a barrel or tank (e.g., A pint of draught ale) The word â€Å"draft,† meanwhile, primarily refers to: A rough version of something (e.g., A draft copy of my novel) An order to pay money (e.g., A banker’s draft) Military conscription (e.g., To be drafted into the army) But we use â€Å"draft† for all six senses in American English, which is easier to remember! And to add to the confusion, Brits also call the boardgame checkers â€Å"draughts.† 6. Tire vs. Tyre All English speakers use â€Å"tire† as a verb meaning â€Å"grow weary.† For example: I tire of British spellings very quickly. But while we also use â€Å"tire† to mean â€Å"rubber wheel covering,† British people spell this word â€Å"tyre.† For instance: American English: I keep a spare tire in my car at all times. British English: I keep a spare tyre in my car at all times. Look out for this spelling when using the term in British English. 7. Meter vs. Metre One common difference between British and American English is the use of â€Å"-er† and â€Å"-re† word endings. The â€Å"-er† ending is standard in American English (e.g., center or theater), while British English tends to use the older â€Å"-re† version (e.g., centre or theatre). We also see this with metric measurements, including words like â€Å"meter† and â€Å"centimeter,† which are spelled with the â€Å"-re† ending in British English: American English: A meter is roughly 1.094 yards. British English: A metre is roughly 1.094 yards. The same applies when discussing the concept from music or poetry: American English: The poem changes its meter half way through. British English: The poem changes its metre half way through. But it does not apply when discussing a device for measuring something (e.g., a thermometer or barometer). In this case, British English uses the same spelling of â€Å"meter† as American English. 8. Program vs. Programme In American English, the spelling â€Å"program† is used for the following: Software for a computer (e.g., A new spellchecking program for PC) A series of events or activities (e.g., A training program) A television or radio broadcast (e.g., A TV program) The information given out at a performance (e.g., A program for a play) But British English only uses â€Å"program† for the first definition above. In all non-computing contexts, the British spelling is â€Å"programme† instead. 9. Check vs. Cheque Finally, in American and British English, â€Å"check† is common a verb. Usually, it means â€Å"examine,† such as in the following: I checked the timetable and we need to leave. This term has other meanings, too, and in almost every case it is spelled â€Å"check.† But there is one exception. While we use â€Å"check† as a noun to mean â€Å"an order to pay an amount of money from a bank account,† the British spell this version of the word â€Å"cheque†: American English: Do you accept payment by check? British English: Do you accept payment by cheque? Luckily, though, the spelling of â€Å"credit card† is the same in all forms of English.

Judaism and Shabbat Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Judaism and Shabbat - Essay Example In additional, they often believe that these laws and commandments were given to Moses both in written and in Oral Torah forms. However, a religious community, the Karaites movement, has historically challenged the notion that Moseswas given these laws and commandments in two forms (Herring 15). They have ever held that the laws and commandment given to Moses were only in a single form, that is, in written form but not in Oral Torah. The Karaites movement flourished during the medieval period and still has several followers in the contemporary world who have maintained that Moses was only given written Torah laws and commandments (Bank 22). Judaism has enjoyed historical continuity of over three thousand years; basically, three thousand eight hundred years since its foundation by Abraham. This makes it among the oldest monotheistic religions of the world that has survived until into the contemporary world (Miller 24). The Israelites or the Hebrew was already being referred to as Jews in the early books of Tanakh (Herring 24). The late books of Tanakh including the Book of Ester the name Jews were placed by the title the Children of Israel. The texts of Judaism, its tradition, and values had a strong influence on the subsequent Abrahamic religions that included Christianity, Baha’i Faith, and Islamic. ... By the year 2010, the entire world Jewish community was approximated to be roughly 0.2 percent or 13.4 million of the entire world’s population (Grishaver 71). Israel harbors around forty-two percent of the entire Jewish population. The same number is found in both United States and Canada with the majority of the remaining population found in Europe. Because of time and different understanding of concepts with a community, Judaism did split into movements. These movements rose due to different ideologies that might have cropped among the leaders of Judaism. The major Judaism movements of the world include Reform Judaism, Conservative Judaism, and the Orthodox Judaism. The latter movement includes sub-movements including the Modern Orthodox and Hareidi Judaism (Prager 77). There were believers who stark to the ideals of the conventional Judaism; thus, retaining the larger percentage of its teachings, beliefs, and laws. This group remained to the part of Judaism that was called Conservative movement believers who believed that the traditional and laws of Judaism should have only faced a slight changes to suit the time. The other movement that split out of the traditional Judaism was the Reform or Liberal, or the Progressive Movements. These sections of believers have the feeling that it is upon an individual believer to make a choice of the traditions and laws to follow (Herring 51). Therefore, the main course of the division may be pegged on the approach and concern to changes that should be enforced on the Jewish laws. However, Orthodox Judaism until to date maintains that the Jewish laws and Torah laws have defined origin, and are eternal and should never be changed; thus,

Consider the impact of the Vietnam War on American culture Essay

Consider the impact of the Vietnam War on American culture - Essay Example B. During this period TV was an important medium for information; news reports of the war telecasted the gory details which reinforced the feeling of redundancy of the war among the Americans, resulting in antiwar protests and demonstrations. III. Effects of advancement A. Cambodian invasion in 1970 resulted in antiwar demonstrations in college campuses all over American. In a few days time, deaths of students occurred in large number. B. The redundancy of the war added with thousands of American soldiers getting killed in war fueled the antiwar sentiments among the young Americans. Large number of young Americans left the war to burn their draft cards. This became a national sensation due to wide coverage by the television. IV. Evolution of the advancement A. In Vietnam, the increasing intensity of the war created psychological problems among the American troops which resulted in drug consumption among them. The hippie culture was reflected back home in American among the youth when they protesting against the war by blocking roads and government buildings for days, singing songs and consuming drugs. B. Music industry developed vastly during the Vietnam era with hundreds of songs getting recorded in single years. Music like rock ‘n’ roll albums that were conceived during that era are popular even after several decades have passed. V. Conclusion A. The hippie culture among the youth created antiheroes in the society who influenced the culture for a generation. B. Popular music of different genres during that era established both the antiwar views and the prowar statements. Music was adopted by the young antiwar protestors as a way of voicing their views. Introduction and Thesis Statement The Vietnam War was a long running combat between the nationalist forces and the United States with the alliance of South Vietnam. The war was more a strategic movement by America to curb communism, and the nation’s involvement was in all terms unofficial st atus. The American troops dispatched under the official purpose of military training to the South Vietnamese troops. The war had a huge impact on the music and culture of America. Events that Led to the Advancement The war, which apparently seemed redundant to the general Americans, had a great impact on them. It has divided the American people like no other war has done. The atrocities of the war were telecasted on the TV, the unspeakable violence induced people to distance themselves from the war. The costs incurred during the war affected the nation’s economy for decades after the war ended. During the mid twentieth century America got involved in the Vietnam as it felt threatened by the growing influence of communism. However, the young generation of that period did not see any concrete reason to feel threatened, and as such, the Vietnam War did not seem a necessity. Moreover, atrocities and millions of American soldiers getting killed and maimed were telecasted in TV whi ch was viewed in every American home. The war was often characterized as the living-room war or the television war. During the course of the war, the events in the battlefield were telecasted in a systematic manner. It was an era when televisions were rapidly becoming a forceful medium of news for the Americans. According to a survey in 1964, the American people had equal trust on newspapers and televisions for information. By 1972, another survey

Conflict Management :: Conflict Process Model, McShane, Von Glinow

Introduction In order of being able to analyze the sources of conflicts regarding the clothing manufacturer, I will present the Conflict Process Model according to McShane and Von Glinow. Therefore, I will first define what conflicts are, and second present the different sources of conflicts and carve out which conflicts are involved regarding to the given case. The third step is to explain two different strategies to minimize these conflicts in future. Finally, I will provide a recommendation and conclusion. The Conflict Process Model – Sources of Conflicts and Conflict Management According to McShane and Von Glinow, conflict is â€Å"a process in which one party perceives that his or her interests are being opposed or negatively affected by another party† (328). The Conflict Process Model begins with the different sources of conflict; these sources lead one or more parties to perceive that a conflict exists. These perceptions interact with emotions and manifest themselves in the behavior towards other parties. The arrows in the figure illustrate the series of conflict episodes that cycle into conflict escalation (McShane and Von Glinow 331-332). Figure 3 Model of the Conflict Process Source: McShane and Von Glinow 332. This model distinguishes six possible sources of conflict that may arise: incompatible goals, differentiation, interdependence, scarce resources, ambiguous rules, and communication problem (McShane and Von Glinow 332-333). Incompatible goals involves that â€Å"the goal of one person or department seem to interfere with another person’s or department’s goal† (McShane and Von Glinow 333). Differentiation is described as the â€Å"difference among people, departments, and other entities regarding their training, values, beliefs, and experiences† (McShane and Von Glinow 333). Interdependence â€Å"occurs where individuals operate interdependently except for reliance on a common source or authority† (McShane and Von Glinow 335). Scarce Resources are a source of conflict when several persons or units require the same recourse to fulfill their goals. Ambiguous Rules occur as a source of conflict because â€Å"uncertainty increases the risk that one party intends to interfere with the other party’s goals† (McShane and Von Glinow 335). Communication Problems are a source of conflict â€Å"due to the lack of opportunity, ability, or motivation to communicate effectively† (McShane and Von Glinow 333). One of the major sources of the conflicts, regarding to the given case, is incompatible goals: â€Å"the new executives clashed with the current executives regarding business strategy† another evidence for that is that the CEO says they 'ended up with an old team and a new team and they weren't on the same wavelength'.

Case: Problem in Pay System

MGT 302 Case: problems in pay system Xiamiao Zhu 1. Are the CCUA department’s current pay practices concerning data processor IIs and computer analyst Is externally equitable? Explain your answer. Pay practice in CCUA: * Data processor II position: * $11. 00—$12. 70 per hour. * $24,960 per year based on their 40-hour workweek. * Health and life issuance is provided by the company at a cost of $950 per year per employee. * Computer analyst I position: * Salary range $25,500—$32,500. * The average salary paid to the eight incumbents is $31,500. Health and life issuance is provided by the company at a cost of $950 per year per employee. Survey data: | CCUA| Average salary| Mfg/ Consumer| Mfg/ Industrial | Banking | Other Financial service| DP services| Wholesale distribution| Junior analyst and programmer| 31,500| 35,156| 33,750| 40,714| 35,000| 32,143| 37,500| 32,875| Data processor| 24,960| 27,500| 26,000| 29,000| 28,000| 26,500| 26,000| 27,000| * Data processor I I position closely matches the survey’s Data processor. Computer analyst position is most comparable with survey’s junior analyst and programmer. * Both DP II’s and CA I’s at CCUA are underpaid compare to the market. * Both DP II’s and CA I’s at CCUA have $950 health and life insurance. 2. What specific action, if any, do you recommend be taken now? Be specific and justify your recommendations as fully as possible. * Conduct a wage survey: Who is the relevant labor market? What is the competition paying? What sources for market data? What benchmark jobs should be included?Get the survey done in the rural southwest area more in the locality where department is situated so that data is more comparable and find the other benefits of the survey companies. * Choose a pay policy and develop a pay structure: decrease the number of the employee and pay the higher salary. Or hire employee buy using less recruitment cost and training cost. Hire and pa y employee following the policy and the structure. 3. What specific strategy do you recommend for the future so that these types of problems can be anticipated and avoided. Exit interviews: understand the reason for not stay in the company and find the solution to avoid it. * Better scanning of local and regional external pay referents, do let employee think you are paying much less than others. * Better two-way communication with employee. Do the employee satisfaction survey once a year before somebody is trying to quit. * Provide no monetary benefits * Provide larger budget for job categories 4. What additional information in this situation would have enable you to improve the quality of your recommendations? Improve the exit interview and focus on the questions like: * What is your primary reason for leaving? * Did anything trigger your decision to leave? * What was most satisfying about your job? * What was least satisfying about your job? * What would you change about your job? * Find some information about pay equity information: http://www. hrsdc. gc. ca/eng/labour/equality/pay_equity/about/guide. shtml * Conduct the web search O*NET to find if there is any help. 5. Occupations:| Wage & employment trend:| Computer systems analysts:| Median wages (2011) $37. 7 hourly, $78,770 annual Employment (2010) 544,000 employees Projected growth (2010-2020) Faster than average (20% to 28%) Projected job openings (2010-2020) 222,500 Top industries (2010) Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services (33% employed in this sector)Finance and Insurance (14%)| Computer programmer:| Median wages (2011) $34. 92 hourly, $72,630 annual Employment (2010) 363,000 employees Projected growth (2010-2020) Average (10% to 19%) Projected job openings (2010-2020) 128,000 Top industries (2010) Professional, Scientific, and Technical ServicesInformation| Computer and information system manager:| Median wages (2011) $56. 4 hourly, $118,010 annual Employment (2010) 308,000 employees Projected growth (2010-2020) Average (10% to 19%) Projected job openings (2010-2020) 102,800 Top industries (2010) Professional, Scientific, and Technical ServicesFinance and Insurance| Operations research analysts:| Median wages (2011) $34. 59 hourly, $71,950 annual Employment (2010) 65,000 employees Projected growth (2010-2020) Average (10% to 19%) Projected job openings (2010-2020) 30,000 Top industries (2010) Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services (23% employed in this sector)Finance and Insurance (22%)Government (17%)|

The Privilege Of Interpersonal Communication - 2986 Words

Throughout the years people have been given the privilege of interpersonal communication in many forms, such as letters, emails, texts, and social media. Letters were one of the very first mediums people used to communicate, and as the years went by technology improved, and emails were created. Emails served as a faster alternative for people in a business to contact someone else. Following that was the idea of text messaging, not only was it time efficient but also easier. That wasn’t the only thing connecting people all around the world though. Social media wasn’t the most popular to begin with, but as time went by, and it became more personal, people began to take a very big interest in it. Letters, emails, texts, and social media play†¦show more content†¦Important alphabets would include the Greek alphabet, which was the first phonemic alphabet. These are alphabets that are, â€Å"†¦sets of letters, usually arranged in a fixed order, each of which re presents one or more phonemes, both consonants and vowels, in the language they are used to write.† (Ager) From this came the two most widely used alphabets, the Latin/Roman and the Cyrillic alphabets, which have been adapted to write numerous languages. From the periods of these writing systems, letters would have begun to spring up as a form of communication between people who were not readily available to give information to immediately. We could also date the letter back from the more formal definition of the letter, where the definition talks about it being sent by mail or messenger. In this case, dates will be traced back to ancient centralized empires, where government documents and bulletins were circulated. However in the case of a messenger service, the first documented case of using couriers was in 2400 BC, in Egypt. Pharaohs typically used them for the distribution of their decrees in their territory. Since this time period, letter writing has exponentially grown to a larger source of people, especially in the early modern period. The 18th century in particular